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Laser crystals

Nd:YVO4 Crystal

Nd:YVO4 Crystal

 Nd:YVO4 is one of the most promising commercially available diode pumped solid state laser materials. It has high laser induced damage threshold and good mechanical in addition to optical properties. Its large stimulated emission cross-section and high absorption of pump laser make it a right crystal for pocket laser. Nd: YVO4 can produce IR green and blue laser by using minor different set-up. A broad absorption band centered at 808nm and favorable mechanical properties make Nd:YVO4 well suited for compact, efficient, high power diode-pumped lasers. Natural birefringence gives rise to a highly polarized output at 1064.3 and 1342nm.

Nd:YVO4  Crystal
Nd:YVO4  Crystal

 Basic Properties of Nd:YVO4

Atomic Density:
1.26x1020 atoms/cm3 (Nd1.0%)
Crystal Structure:
Zircon Tetragonal, space group D4h-I4/amd
a=b=7.1193A,c=6.2892A
Density;
4.22g/cm3
Mohs Hardness:
4-5(Glass-like)
Thermal Expansion Coefficient(300K):
αa=4.43x10-6/K
αc=11.37x10-6/K
Thermal Conductivity Coefficient(300K):
//C:0.0523W/cm/K
⊥C:0.0510W/cm/K
 

Optical Properties of Nd:YVO4

Lasing wavelength:
1064nm,1342nm
Thermal optical coefficient (300K):
dno/dT=8.5×10-6/K
dne/dT=2.9×10-6/K
Stimulated emission cross-section:
25×10-19cm2 @ 1064nm
Fluorescent lifetime:
90μs(1% Nd doping)
Absorption coefficient:
31.4cm-1 @810nm
Intrinsic loss:
0.02cm-1 @1064nm
Gain bandwidth:
0.96nm@1064nm
Polarized laser emission:
π polarization; parallel to optic axis(c-axis)
Diode pumped optical to optical efficiency:
>60%
Sellemeier equations (λ in um)
n02=3.77834+0.069736/(λ2-0.04724)-0.010813λ2
ne2=4.59905+0.110534/(λ2-0.04813)-0.012676λ2
 

Laser Properties of Nd:YVO4

The major laser properties of Nd:YVO4 vs Nd:YAG are listed in Table below, including stimulated emission cross-sections (σ), Absorption Coefficient (α) Fluorescent lifetime (τ),Absorption Length (La),threshold Power (Pth) and Pump Quantum Efficiency.
Laser crystal  
Doping
(atm%)  
σ
(x10-19cm2)
α
(cm-1)  
τ 
(µs)  
Lα (mm)
Pth
(mW)  
Effi.
(%)  
Nd:YVO4
(a-cut)  
1.0
2.0  
25
25  
23
46  
90
50 
0.32
0.14      
30
78 
52
48.6 
Nd:YVO4
(c-cut)  
1.1 
9.2 
90 
 
231 
45.5 
Nd:YAG  
0.85 
7.1 
230 
1.41
115 
38.6 
 
 

Nd:YVO4 specifications:

Doping
0.07%~3%
Doping concentration tolerance
±0.05%(atm%<1%),±0.1%(atm%≥1%)
Orientation
A-cut/C-cut +/-0.5deg.
Dimension Tolerance
±0.1mm
Flatness
λ/10 @ 632.8nm
Wavefront distortion
λ/6@ 632.8nm
Surface Quality
10/5  per MIL-O-13830B
Parallelism
10″
Perpendicularity
10′
Bevel/Chamfer
<0.1mm@45deg.
Chips
<0.1mm
Clear Aperture
>95%
Coating
AR/HR/PR coating upon customer’s request
Damage Threshold
  750MW/CM2 at 1064nm, TEM00, 10ns, 10Hz
Quality Warranty Period
   One year under proper use